Replication-incompetent recombinant retrovirus is a highly efficient approach to deliver genes of interest for stable expression into a broad range of dividing mammalian cells. Retroviral vectors are engineered to transfer and integrate target genetic material into the genomes of host cells. Retroviruses have several distinct advantages over other vectors, especially when permanent gene transfer is the preferred outcome. Some disadvantages of retroviruses are that they can only transduce dividing cells, and that they integrate somewhat arbitrarily into genome which has the potential to lead to oncogenesis.

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