Voltage-gated potassium channel plays an important role in the rapid repolarization of fast-firing brain neurons. The channel opens in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forming a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The voltage-gated potassium channels are responsible for firing sustained trains of very brief action potentials at high frequency in pallidal neurons. Of particular importance in the field of drug safety are the voltage-gated potassium channels Kv11.1 (hERG) and Kv7.1 (KCNQ1) which are associated with the potentially fatal Long QT Syndrome.

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