Epigenetics Drugs and Diagnostic Technologies : New Frontiers in Personalized Medicine

Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the genetic code itself, but rather chemical additions to genes or histones that wrap around them. These chemical additions addition of methyl or acetyl groups influence how genes are expressed. Epigenetic changes activate or deactivate specific genes in response to environmental and developmental signals. This process allows organisms to adapt dynamically to their environment.

One of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms is DNA methylation. In DNA methylation, a methyl group is added to cytosine bases at the sequence CG dinucleotide in a gene's promoter region. This methylation blocks the binding of transcription factors required for gene expression and results in gene silencing.

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