Histological staining plays a critical role in the visualization of tissue and cell structures. Living cells or fixed cells have very few inherent colors and only very small differences in the refractive indices of their component parts. By staining tissue sections, pathologists and researchers can view tissue morphology (structure) or look for the presence or prevalence of particular cell types, structures or even micro-organisms under a microscope.

Histological staining includes routine staining and special staining. Routine staining refers primarily to the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, while special staining is used to refer to alternative staining techniques outside of routine H&E stain to provide specific information researchers or pathologists need.

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