Understanding Epigenetics and its Impact on our Health and Lives

One of the main mechanisms is DNA methylation. This involves adding a methyl group to DNA, usually at cytosine bases near gene promoters. The addition of these methyl groups does not alter the DNA sequence itself, but it can affect how genes are expressed. DNA methylation is thought to be a stable, long-term repressor of transcription. During development, DNA methylation helps differentiate cell types as it stably silences unnecessary genes in a cell-type specific manner. DNA methylation also plays important roles in genomic imprinting, silencing of transposable elements and X chromosome inactivation in females.

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