Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules generated mainly from pre-mRNA back-splicing, and have also been found to function as mRNAs to direct protein synthesis inside cells. As a new generation of therapeutic mRNAs, circRNAs may address some of the limitations of linear mRNA including increased stability, reduced immunogenicity, and tissue/cell-specific translation. Therefore, translatable circRNAs are able to produce more therapeutic protein inside the body than conventional mRNA, with the potential to engineer cells, replace damaged proteins, or add new beneficial proteins for patients with serious diseases.

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