Blood cells, also known as hematopoietic cells or hematocytes, are produced through hematopoiesis and accounting for approximately 45% of the blood by volume. Under normal physiological conditions, blood cells have certain morphological structure and relatively stable quantity to maintain homeostatic condition of the body.

In mammals, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are three main components of blood. They have different functions. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are mainly responsible for transporting oxygen. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a critical role in the immune system to identify, destroy, and remove damaged cells, abnormal cells, pathogens and other foreign matter from the body. They can be subdivided into granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. Platelets are important for hemostasis.

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