Primary cells refers to the cells that are directly isolated from living tissues. They can be cultured in an artificial environment and established for growth in vitro. Primary cells can be isolated from most tissues and organs, such as brain, colon, bone, blood vessel, heart, epithelium, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. However, there are differences in growth rate, isolation method and culture difficulty among different primary cells.

Compared with the continuous cell lines, primary cells are most closely to the tissue of origin, thus are more representative models to the in vivo state. However, they have limited life span and are more difficult to culture in vitro.

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