What is the main cause of dark spots?

The main cause of dark spots, also known as hyperpigmentation, is an overproduction of melanin — the pigment responsible for skin color. This excess melanin can be triggered by various factors, with sun exposure being the most common. When the skin is exposed to harmful UV rays, it produces more melanin as a natural defense, leading to the appearance of sunspots or age spots, especially on the face, hands, and arms. Over time, this uneven melanin distribution causes dark patches that become more noticeable as you age.

Other common causes include hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy or due to birth control), acne scars, skin inflammation, and certain medications that make the skin more sensitive to sunlight. Even frequent picking or touching of pimples and wounds can result in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Identifying the root cause is crucial for choosing the right treatment and preventing new spots from forming.

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